Unravelling the Work Stories of Incident Commanders in Disaster and Risk Reduction Management

Abstract

This study explored the lived experiences of incident commanders in implementing the incident management system during disasters. By using descriptive-phenomenological design, 10 informants were selected using purposive sampling meeting the inclusion criteria. One-on-one interview was conducted and the qualitative data with use of Colaizzi’s method generated 8 emergent themes: Knowledge and Leadership Skills Lead to Success, Planning and Supporting Well is Winning Half the Battle, Skill Personnel Inventory Leads to Efficient Services, Interpersonal Skills Radiate Systematic Procedures, Quality Service Equates to Self-Satisfaction, Capacitating Personnel and Partners Through Training and Involvement, Amplifying Services through Adequate Resources, and Bridging Individual Differences Through Professional Development. As highlighted, the effectiveness of disaster management is fundamentally dependent on the competence and leadership of incident commanders operating within a well-established Incident Management System (IMS). Beyond technical knowledge and operational expertise, successful incident management requires transformational leadership, strategic decision-making, effective communication, inter-agency coordination, and organizational resilience. Competent incident commanders serve as the cornerstone of effective disaster governance. Their leadership not only determines operational success during emergencies but also contributes to reducing disaster risks, protecting lives and property, and strengthening community resilience. Future research should continue to investigate the competencies, leadership behaviors, and organizational factors that influence incident commander performance across diverse disaster contexts. Such evidence can inform the development of evidence-based policies, competency frameworks, and training programs that further enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities in increasingly complex and uncertain environments.